Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 1508

会议视频 28

会议信息 2

年份

2024 1

2023 61

2022 114

2021 105

2020 79

2019 103

2018 87

2017 83

2016 65

2015 86

2014 81

2013 63

2012 78

2011 71

2010 72

2009 49

2008 72

2007 85

2006 35

2005 24

展开︾

关键词

风险分析 9

能源 7

分析 4

可持续发展 4

对策 4

影响因素 4

数值模拟 4

隧道 4

ANSYS 3

农业科学 3

抗击疫情 3

数值分析 3

环境 3

营养健康 3

裂缝 3

2035年 2

BNLAS 2

COVID-19 2

DX桩 2

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

Insights into the changes of amino acids, microbial community, and enzymatic activities related with

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1635-y

摘要：

● The highest seed germination index was achieved at 0.3 g/g total solids of food waste.

关键词： Composting Food waste Amino acids Microbial community Enzymatic activity Nutrient quality

HTML PDF 收藏

Nitrogen-doped graphene approach to enhance the performance of a membraneless enzymatic biofuel cell

Alireza AHMADIAN YAZDI, Jie XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 233-238 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0529-3

摘要： Heteroatom-doping of pristine graphene is an effective route for tailoring new characteristics in terms of catalytic performance which opens up potentials for new applications in energy conversion and storage devices. Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene), for instance, has shown excellent performance in many electrochemical systems involving oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and more recently glucose oxidation. Owing to the excellent sensitivity of N-graphene, the development of highly sensitive and fast-response enzymatic biosensors is made possible. However, a question that needs to be addressed is whether or not improving the anodic response to glucose detection leads to a higher overall performance of enzymatic biofuel cell (eBFC). Thus, here we first synthesized N-graphene via a catalyst-free single-step thermal process, and made use of it as the biocatalyst support in a membraneless eBFC to identify its role in altering the performance characteristics. Our findings demonstrate that the electron accepting nitrogen sites in the graphene structure enhances the electron transfer efficiency between the mediator (redox polymer), redox active site of the enzymes, and electrode surface. Moreover, the best performance in terms of power output and current density of eBFCs was observed when the bioanode was modified with highly doped N-graphene.

关键词： enzymatic fuel cell nitrogen-doped graphene reduced graphene oxide catalyst-free synthesis

HTML PDF 收藏

USING AN AQUEOUS ENZYMATIC METHOD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 623-634 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021400

摘要：

Schizochytrium sp., a marine microalga, is a potential source of edible oil due to its short growth cycle and rapid lipid accumulation, especially of docosahexaenoic acid. An approach to isolate edible microalgal oil from Schizochytrium sp. using aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) was developed. Parameters were optimized by single-factor experiments followed by Box-Behnken design. Proteases were effective in extracting oil. The maximum free oil recovery (49.7%±0.58%) and total oil recovery (68.1%±0.94%) were obtained under optimum conditions of liquid-to-solid ratio of 4.8:1, a 2.5% enzyme concentration of papain and an extraction time of 2.2 h. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in polyunsaturated fatty acid composition between microalgal oil obtained by AEE and by Soxhlet extraction, with the former having superior physiochemical properties and higher concentrations of bioactive components including total phenolic compounds and total tocopherols. These findings indicate a potential application of AEE for extraction of oil from Schizochytrium sp.

关键词： antioxidant activity / aqueous enzymatic extraction / edible microalgal oil / fatty acid composition / physicochemical properties

HTML PDF 收藏

Dissolution and enzymatic hydrolysis of casein micelles studied by dynamic light scattering

LIU Rui, QI Wei, SU Rongxin, ZHANG Yubin, JIN Fengmin, HE Zhimin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 123-127 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0023-7

摘要： The effects of temperature, ionic strength, and enzymatic hydrolysis on the average hydrodynamic radius () of casein micelles in phosphate buffer were studied by using dynamic light scattering. The results showed that the average value of casein micelles decreased irreversibly during the heating, decreased with the increase of ionic strength in lower ionic strength solution (less than 0.05 mol/L), but opposite in higher ionic strength solution (above 0.1 mol/L). The value of casein increased rapidly during the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, and the structural model of casein micelles in the enzymatic hydrolysis process was also proposed, i.e. the casein micelle changed from compact sphere into unfolded and regularly flocky peptides.

关键词： compact strength temperature regularly flocky heating

HTML PDF 收藏

Study on enzymatic hydrolysis of steam exploded straw by using shaking ball

SUN Zhanwei, FU Xiaoguo, CHEN Hongzhang, WANG Yanhui, MA Runyu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 22-27 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0002-7

摘要： A novel method of enzymatic hydrolysis was developed in this paper to produce a high conversion yield and hydrolysis rate. A comparison was described by using three methods of enzymatic hydrolysis and adsorption of steam exploded straw (SEWS): shaking ball in the regime, shaking with stirrer bed, and static state. The most adequate filter-paper activity, speed and reaction time were 3.6 × 10 mol/(smL), 150 r/min and 24 h, respectively, with the reducing sugar yield of 0.43. The results showed that the method of shaking ball produced the highest adsorption, conversion yields and hydrolysis rate of the enzyme. This might be due to the continuous frequency increase of enzyme adsorption and desorption on the substrate surface as well as the relieved end-product inhibition. The morphological variation of SEWS was characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).

关键词： adequate filter-paper comparison conversion continuous frequency substrate

HTML PDF 收藏

Valorisation of protein waste: An enzymatic approach to make commodity chemicals? ?

Madura B. A. Kumar, Yuan Gao, Wei Shen, Lizhong He

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 295-307 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1532-4

摘要： Protein-rich waste is an abundantly available resource that is currently used mainly as animal feed and fertilizers. Valorisation of protein waste to higher value products, particularly commodity chemicals such as precursors for polymers, has attracted significant research efforts. Enzyme-based approaches, being environmentally-friendly compared to their chemical counterparts, promise sustainable processes for conversion of protein waste to valuable chemicals. This review provides a general overview on valorisation of protein waste and then further summarises the use of enzymes in different stages of the valorisation process—protein extraction and hydrolysis, separation of individual amino acids and their ultimate conversion into chemicals. Case studies of enzymatic conversion are presented for different amino acids including glutamic acid, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, arginine and aspartic acid. The review compares the different enzyme reactors and operation modes for amino acid conversion. The emerging opportunities and challenges in the field are discussed: engineering powerful enzymes and integrating innovative processes for industrial application at a low cost.

关键词： amino acids protein waste reactor conversion commodity chemicals enzymes

HTML PDF 收藏

Enhanced enzymatic removal of anthracene by the mangrove soil-derived fungus,

Paul Olusegun Bankole, Kirk Taylor Semple, Byong-Hun Jeon, Sanjay Prabhu Govindwar

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1292-3

摘要： Abstract • A. sydowii strain bpo1 exhibited 99.8% anthracene degradation efficiency. • Four unique metabolic products were obtained after anthracene degradation. • Ligninolytic enzymes induction played vital roles in the removal of anthracene. • Laccase played a crucial role in comparison with other enzymes induced. The present study investigated the efficiency of Aspergillus sydowii strain bpo1 (GenBank Accession Number: MK373021) in the removal of anthracene (100 mg/L). Optimal degradation efficiency (98.7%) was observed at neutral pH, temperature (30℃), biomass weight (2 g) and salinity (0.2% w/v) within 72 h. The enzyme analyses revealed 131%, 107%, and 89% induction in laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase respectively during anthracene degradation. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency (99.8%) and enzyme induction were significantly enhanced with the addition of 100 mg/L of citric acid and glucose to the culture. At varying anthracene concentrations (100–500 mg/L), the degradation rate constants (k1) peaked with increasing concentration of anthracene while the half-life (t1/2) decreases with increase in anthracene concentration. Goodness of fit (R2 = 0.976 and 0.982) was observed when the experimental data were subjected to Langmuir and Temkin models respectively which affirmed the monolayer and heterogeneous nature exhibited by A. sydwoii cells during degradation. Four distinct metabolites; anthracene-1,8,9 (2H,8aH,9aH)-trione, 2,4a-dihydronaphthalene-1,5-dione, 1,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-4,7-dione and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid was obtained through Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A. sydowii exhibited promising potentials in the removal of PAHs.

关键词： Aspergillus sydowii Anthracene Biodegradation Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

HTML PDF 收藏

生物表面活性剂的生产与应用

韩双艳,任昌琼,林影

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第4期页码 26-30

摘要：

生物表面活性剂主要由微生物发酵和酶催化下合成，具有表面活性剂基本结构与性质的物质，其除了具有化学表面活性剂的特点外，还具有生物兼容性高、安全无毒性、可被生物降解、不会对环境造成不利影响等优点。随着环保意识的增强和食品安全级别的提高，生物表面活性剂开始应用于食品、医药、化妆品、洗涤剂和石油化工等领域，研究开发各种高效、低成本的生物表面活性剂生产技术成为生物化工的研究热点。

关键词：生物表面活性剂微生物选育酶催化生物兼容性生物降解

HTML PDF 收藏

Electrochemical sensor investigation of carbon-supported PdCoAg multimetal catalysts using sugar-containing beverages

Firat Salman, Hilal C. Kazici, Hilal Kivrak

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 629-638 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1840-1

摘要： Novel PdCoAg/C nanostructures were successfully synthesized by the polyol method in order to develop electrocatalysts, related to the glucose sensor performance of the high glycemic index in beverages. The characterization of this novel PdCoAg/C electrocatalyst was performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray. The characterization results revealed that electronic state of the PdCoAg/C electrocatalyst was modified by the addition of the third metal. The electrochemical performances of the sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The prepared enzyme-free sensor exhibited excellent catalytic activity against glucose with a wide detection range (0.005 to 0.35 mmol∙L ), low limit of detection (0.003 mmol∙L ), high sensitivity (4156.34 µA∙mmol ∙L∙cm ), and long-term stability (10 days) because of the synergistic effect between the ternary metals. The glucose contents of several energy drinks, fruit juices, and carbonated beverages were analyzed using the novel PdCoAg/NGCE/C sensor system. These results indicate the feasibility for applications in the foods industry.

关键词： non-enzymatic glucose detection ternary metals glycemic index beverages

HTML PDF 收藏

Enzymatic nitrous oxide emissions from wastewatertreatment

Gang Guo, Yayi Wang, Tianwei Hao, Di Wu, Guang-Hao Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1021-3

摘要： Nitrous oxide (N O), a potent greenhousegas, is emitted during nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment, significantlycontributing to greenhouse effect. Nitrogen removal generally involvesnitrification and denitrification catalyzed by specific enzymes. N O production and consumption vary considerably in responseto specific enzyme-catalyzed nitrogen imbalances, but the mechanismsare not yet completely understood. Studying the regulation of relatedenzymes’ activity is essential to minimize N O emissions during wastewater treatment. This paper aims to reviewthe poorly understood related enzymes that most commonly involvedin producing and consuming N O in terms oftheir nature, structure and catalytic mechanisms. The pathways ofN O emission during wastewater treatment arebriefly introduced. The key environmental factors influencing N O emission through regulatory enzymes are summarizedand the enzyme-based mechanisms are revealed. Several enzyme-basedtechniques for mitigating N O emissions directlyor indirectly are proposed. Finally, areas for further research onN O release during wastewater treatment arediscussed.

关键词： Nitrous oxide Mitigation Enzyme catalysis Nitrogen removal Wastewater treatment

HTML PDF 收藏

Production of pectic extracts from sugar beet pulp with antiproliferative activity on a breast cancer cell line

Jacqueline CONCHA, Caroline WEINSTEIN, María Elvira Zú?IGA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 482-489 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1342-5

摘要： In the last years, sugar beet pectins have been the subject of several investigations involving extraction methodologies, chemical composition and functional properties. The structure of pectins, which depends on the extraction method, is decisive in their capacity to induce apoptosis on several cancer cell lines like colon, prostate and breast. In this work, sugar beet pectin extraction was performed in the following steps: lipid extraction with hexane, removal of soluble complex carbohydrates and proteins, and enzymatic treatment with amyloglucosidase, protease, and pectinase. The enzymatic treatment was carried out with Rohapect DA6L under the following conditions: 50°C, pH 4.0, 2% enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio, 15 h, and a solid to liquid ratio of 1 ∶ 10. The pectic extract showed a degree of polymerization (DP) profile of 55.8% with DP≥7; 4.9% with DP6; 5.8% between DP2 and DP6 ; 4.7% with DP2; and 28.8% with DP1. The pectic extract was examined for its antiproliferative activity on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. At a concentration range of 12.5–25 mg/mL the pectic extract killed 80.6% of the cells, exhibiting a higher antiproliferative activity than 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), a classical anticancer drug, which killed 56.5% of the cells.

关键词： pectic extracts antiproliferative activity breast cancer enzymatic treatment

HTML PDF 收藏

A multi-integrated approach on toxicity effects of engineered TiO

Ana PICADO,Susana M. PAIXÃO,Liliana MOITA,Luis SILVA,Mário S. DINIZ,Joana LOURENÇO,Isabel PERES,Luisa CASTRO,José Brito CORREIA,Joana PEREIRA,Isabel FERREIRA,António Pedro Alves MATOS,Pedro BARQUINHA,Elsa MENDONCA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第5期页码 793-803 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0775-0

摘要： The new properties of engineered nanoparticles drive the need for new knowledge on the safety, fate, behavior and biologic effects of these particles on organisms and ecosystems. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been used extensively for a wide range of applications, e.g, self-cleaning surface coatings, solar cells, water treatment agents, topical sunscreens. Within this scenario increased environmental exposure can be expected but data on the ecotoxicological evaluation of nanoparticles are still scarce. The main purpose of this work was the evaluation of effects of TiO nanoparticles in several organisms, covering different trophic levels, using a battery of aquatic assays. Using fish as a vertebrate model organism tissue histological and ultrastructural observations and the stress enzyme activity were also studied. TiO nanoparticles (Aeroxide® P25), two phase composition of anatase (65%) and rutile (35%) with an average particle size value of 27.6±11 nm were used. Results on the EC for the tested aquatic organisms showed toxicity for the bacteria, the algae and the crustacean, being the algae the most sensitive tested organism. The aquatic plant showed no effect on growth. The fish showed no effect on a 21 day survival test, though at a biochemical level the cytosolic Glutathione-S-Transferase total activity, in intestines, showed a general significant decrease ( <0.05) after 14 days of exposure for all tested concentrations. The presence of TiO nanoparticles aggregates were observed in the intestine lumen but their internalization by intestine cells could not be confirmed.

关键词： ecotoxicity enzymatic analysis histology transmission electron microscopy (TEM) TiO₂-nanoparticles

HTML PDF 收藏

对用生物质原料生产燃料用乙醇之我见

倪维斗,李政,靳晖

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第5期页码 44-49

摘要：

从资源、成本、能源安全、粮食安全和环境效益等方面对用粮食制取乙醇作为车用燃料作了分析，指出这种措施可以是一种消化陈粮的短期做法，但不能作为我国解决液体燃料短缺的长期战略措施，因为我国的具体情况和美国及巴西有很大的不同。此外，按照美国的经验，掺入乙醇作为车用燃料需要有政府的大量补贴，从长期角度看也是有问题的。对我国用酶水解方法由秸秆制造燃料用酒精也作了初步评估。最后从可持续发展的角度，对缓解我国大量进口石油的压力、提高能源安全的战略措施提出了意见。

关键词：汽油-乙醇混合物乙醇玉米乙醇酶水解能源安全

HTML PDF 收藏

电渗析组合反渗透过程处理头孢氨苄酶法母液废水的研究

阮慧敏,黄杰,李健,沈江南,王家德,高从堦

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第7期页码 42-46

摘要：

利用电渗析技术脱除头孢氨苄酶法母液废水中的盐分，研究了操作电压、浓缩室与淡化室流速比、温度等因素对电渗析脱盐过程的影响，并研究了反渗透膜法处理脱盐母液废水的膜通量变化趋势。实验结果表明，当淡化室、浓缩室流量均为500 L/h（流速比1∶1），操作电压为25 V，温度＜30 ℃时，电渗析在高效脱盐的同时具有理想的有机物截留率达99.50 %以上，能耗3.65 kW · h/kg；反渗透膜法在处理脱盐母液废水时，膜通量衰减较慢，水回收率达到75.67 %。实验结果表明，利用电渗析、反渗透组合工艺处理头孢氨苄酶法母液废水具有良好的可行性。

关键词：头孢氨苄废水电渗析反渗透

HTML PDF 收藏

富含sn-2 DHA脂质对大脑的益处及其酶法合成综述 Review

金俊, 金青哲, 王兴国, Casimir C. Akoh

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第4期页码 424-431 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.009

摘要：

大脑中二十二碳六烯酸（DHA, ω-3脂肪酸）的含量与中枢神经系统的正常发育和功能维持高度相关。甘油酯sn-2位上的DHA可以被肠黏膜更好地吸收，从而实现机体对DHA的高效利用。然而，如今人们在饮食中摄入较多的饱和脂肪或富含ω-6脂肪酸的油脂，而摄入较少的DHA，从而导致了部分个体在行为和神经生理学方面的缺陷。为了全面了解DHA对大脑的有益功能，本文系统介绍了天然油脂甘油骨架上DHA的位置分布（sn-2和sn-1,3位）特征，并讨论了DHA补充和通过肠-脑轴传递信息的潜在功能机制。肠-脑轴包含的多条双向信息通道为DHA、肠道菌群和大脑健康的相互作用提供了新的研究思路。为了在日常饮食中摄入更多的sn-2 DHA，我们建议通过更为高效和经济的酯交换制造技术生产富含sn-2 DHA脂质，其中需要解决的关键技术包括强化酶的特异性和优化纯化工艺。这类饮食可满足对sn-2 ω-3脂质有强烈需求的人群，特别是婴儿、儿童、孕妇和哺乳期妇女。

关键词： DHA 和 sn-2 DHA 单甘酯大脑肠-脑轴结构脂质